Inter-Varsity Press

Contents

Preface
1. Salvation and human need
2. Salvation and God’s unique identity
3. Salvation and God’s covenant blessing
4. Salvation and God’s covenant story
5. Salvation and our experience
6. Salvation and the sovereignty of God
7. Salvation and the Lamb of God
Notes

Preface

It is a pleasure and a privilege to contribute a volume to a series which owes its origin to one of John Stott’s fertile ideas. The Global Christian Library, or Christian Doctrine in Global Perspective, is a series intended to provide simple and readable surveys of key Christian doctrines, with the contributing authors coming mainly from the majority world, so that the series as a whole resonates with insights and perspectives from many different global contexts. At the time the series was conceived, John Stott had just invited me to take over the leadership of the Langham Partnership International, and since Langham Literature is the major sponsor of the series, he kindly invited me to contribute this study on Salvation. It is offered with thanks to John Stott and appreciation for the value of the other volumes in the series.

Two events contributed to the development of my thinking on the topic. The first was the conference of Anglican leaders and theologians from around the world in July 2002, hosted by Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, at which I was invited to present a plenary paper on ‘Salvation’. I chose to adopt a survey of biblical perspectives, starting from the very end of the Bible with the text, ‘Salvation belongs to our God, who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb’ (Rev. 7:10), and using that as my template.

Shortly after, I was invited to deliver The Frumentius Lectures 2005 at the Evangelical Theological College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (named after the first missionary bishop of Ethiopia in the fourth century). I developed the same approach further for those lectures. ...

It will be clear that this book strives to treat its topic by gaining a biblical perspective that is as broad as possible. The Bible uses the vocabulary of salvation very widely indeed. I did not want to predetermine what constitutes ‘acceptable theological’ categories, within a structured doctrinal framework. I rather wanted to take that text in Revelation 7:10 and find out what biblical assumptions, content, expectations and implications are nested within its simple phrases. I took the text for many a run and walk, chewing and turning it over again and again in the light of the rest of the Bible story and teaching. The results of meditating deeply on that text in all its biblical resonances were surprisingly comprehensive. I hope the following chapters will enrich readers’ grasp of how the Bible itself uses the language of salvation in such multifaceted ways.

Because I spend a lot of time in this book talking about the way the Old Testament speaks of salvation, it is necessary to be very particular about the God who meets us in the pages of the Old Testament. His personal name in Hebrew was YHWH, which in some older Bibles was roughly transliterated as ‘Jehovah’. Scholars nowadays tend to use the name ‘Yahweh’ as a possible indication of how the original name was pronounced, though nobody can be completely sure. Ever since the Greek translators rendered the Hebrew letters with the title Ho Kyrios, meaning ‘the Lord’, there has been a tradition of translation, which in English Bibles results in the use of ‘the LORD’, in upper case. I sometimes use ‘Yahweh’, or ‘the LORD’, where I want to make it very clear that the text is not just talking about God in some general sense, but specifically referring to the named covenant God of Old Testament Israel.

It is also very important to emphasize that when the word ‘Israel’ is used in this book, we are talking about the biblical Israel of the Old Testament era, or its theological extension in the New Testament to include all those who through faith in the Messiah Jesus are included in the seed of Abraham. It is impossible to gain a fully biblical perspective on salvation without reference to the great story of God’s involvement with the people of Israel in biblical times, his promise to Abraham, the exodus, the covenant at Sinai, the temple and sacrificial system and, of course, the messianic promises that lead us to Jesus. But we shall see that the promise of God to and through biblical Israel was a promise that includes all the nations in its scope. Indeed, even in the Old Testament itself, ‘Israel’ as the name for the covenant people of God becomes extended, in prophetic anticipation, to include other nations.

Most of all, it needs to be stressed very emphatically that although we do need to speak of Israel if we are to be faithful to the Bible’s own story and teaching, there is nowhere in this book where I am referring to the modern Israeli state. That is not part of this discussion at all. In my view, great damage is done by those who confuse and conflate the Old Testament Israelites in the canon of the Bible, the contemporary diaspora of ethnic Jews around the world, Judaism as a religion, and the modern political state of Israel – as if they were all the same thing, and can carry the same theological affirmations. I do not believe these four entities can or should be simplistically identified in that way. Especially we need to distinguish what we believe the New Testament says about the Jews as the ethnic descendants of Abraham from the claims and actions of the modern state of Israel, and not assume that the former can be simply applied to the latter. So I ask the reader constantly to remember that ‘Israel’ in this book refers exclusively to biblical Israel, in the ways that the Bible itself uses the term in both the Old and New Testaments (ways which, in my opinion, bear no theological relation to the modern state of that name).

‘Salvation belongs to our God’, but it is often received through human witnesses. In my own case, though I grew up in a Christian home as the youngest child of missionary parents and heard the gospel from infancy, it was my older brother Paul who once asked me, after Sunday school, whether my name was written in the Lamb’s Book of Life. I said I did not know (and probably did not even know what book he meant). He told me I needed to make sure it was. I asked him how, and he led me to open my heart to receive the Lord Jesus Christ as my Saviour. Having known the assurance of my own salvation ever since that moment in my early childhood, I am happy to dedicate this small book on the subject to him, with love and gratitude.

Chris Wright
Easter 2007